Overusing keywords in comment tags, alt tags, and meta tags
Placing keywords in hidden text (hidden from people, that is) by making their font color the same color as the page background
Overusing keywords in visible text, to the point where their repetition is apparent to readers
Deceptive content
Doorway or gateway pages: pages that are stuffed with keywords but that only search engines see because people are redirected to the page with the real content
Cloaking: displaying different content to search engines than to people by identifying visitors via IP or via other methods
Linking
Link farms: pages with unrelated links solely for the purpose of creating more links to target pages
Spamming forums, blogs, and other social media sites with links (search engines might not penalize sites for this, but it's considered unethical
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